GeneWize Press Release

MVP Empowerment Group Teams Up with Revolutionary GeneWize Life Sciences DNA Guided Nutrition For Au

(PRWEB) July 25, 2008 -- 'Genewize Life Sciences:' a subsidiary of publicly traded Genelink, --with the launch of its DNA Guided Nutrition System, in conjunction with ThedNaMovement.com Marketing Group, is a category creator as it sphere heads a whole new way of customizing nutritional supplements based on an assessment of an individual's DNA.

World renowned economist and prolific author for New York Times Best Sellers: Paul Zane Pilzer in his recent study: "The Wellness Revolution," reminds us that one-seventh, $1.5 trillion, of the U.S. economy today is devoted to the healthcare business, or what Paul Zane Pilzer better describes as the "Sickness Industry." However, by the year 2010, it is believed that an additional $1 trillion of the economy will be devoted to products and services that keep us healthy, make us look or feel better, will slow down the effects of aging, and will help in preventing diseases from developing altogether. With the technological breakthrough of DNA Guided Nutrition, and other developments in Bio-Genetic research, the implications of the shift to proactive wellness are far reaching from health to beauty to food to medicine.

Harkening back to 1908, Henry Ford's Model T launched the trillion-dollar automobile industry. Likewise in 1981, IBM's PC launched the trillion-dollar personal computer industry, which grew so fast that PC sales surpassed U.S. auto sales in only ten years.

With the launching of GeneWize DNA Guided Nutrition, in conjunction with Dream Team Marketing organizations like: ThedNaMovement.com. and Jonathan Budd, the trillion-dollar industry of the twenty-first century has arrived, and it promises to similarly revolutionize our lives and offer entrepreneurs and investors the opportunity to amass great fortunes.

This next big thing is the wellness industry, and The Wellness Revolution shows you how to state your claim now while the market is ripe..... In The Wellness Revolution, Paul Zane Pilzer--a world renowned economist, lay-rabbi, presidential advisor, college professor, and entrepreneur--shows us how to tap into this next trillion-dollar revolution. Already a $200 billion business, with most of its revenue coming from vitamin sales and health club memberships, the wellness industry is just now taking off. In just ten years, an additional $1 trillion of the U.S. economy will be devoted to providing healthy people products and services to maintain their health.

Whether you're an entrepreneur, investor, or distributor, Paul Zane Pilzer, featured speaker at the August 1st GeneWize Launch in Orlando, demonstrates how to get in on the ground floor of this burgeoning industry which is best illustrated in the launching of the GeneWise DNA Guided Nutrition System, and promoted by dedicated marketing organizations like MVPGeneWise and the DNA Movement Dream Team, headed up by Michael Barrett & Angela Giles in conjunction with Jonathan Budds incredible Mastermind marketing strategies.

Featured members of the dNa Movement /MVP GeneWize team include: Christina Hessel (the Traveling Nanny), Texas based Savanna Moss, Dr. Rusty Dorn, Richard Rizza, who heads up our Scenic Northeast division, and a host of other top leaders and income earners, too numerous to mention at this time. Needless to say, the DNA Movement team is exploding, and is off and running as it attracts the best-of-the-best marketers and health care professionals who are joining by droves to take advantage of the time sensitive benefits which can only be enjoyed by pre-launch founding GeneWise affiliates, who join before August 1st.

How does it work? Three Simple Steps:

1. Assess, Don't Guess - GeneWize offers the only patented, FDA reviewed, non-invasive, self-administered DNA collection system available. The process is easy to understand. It is simple to do and takes just a few minutes. An individual simply swabs the inside of their mouth (the inner cheek), and mails the swab back to the Genewise laboratory in the special envelope provided Everything, along with easy-to-follow instructions, are included. An individual can now find out for the very first time what's right for them as they are nourishing their body with the ultimate personalized formula.

2. Customized: Their product is created specifically for them. NO more one size fits all!

Consumers will receive a comprehensive personal formula created just for them, utilizing over 177,000 possible ingredients combinations. Nothing but product ingredients is stocked on our shelves. All our formulas are made to order. Basically, it works like this:

....For less than $200 a consumer can get their DNA assessed (This only needs to be done once. Your DNA never changes) After that the costs is about $80-$100 per month to have a vitamin/supplement specifically made to support their genetic code. No more guessing.

Barrett & Giles, having been involved in marketing health products in the past, have never seen anything as effective and powerful as this, due to the DNA based personally customized nutritional feature. GeneWise is especially attractive to experienced marketers and distributors because of its generous compensation plan. This is the way of the future for health and nutrition.

To learn more about this exciting technological breakthrough with Genetic Sciences and the GeneWise DNA Guided Nutritional System and Once-in-a-lifetime Business Opportunity, log onto:

http://www.mygenewize.com/?ID=doctordorn

Good News In Our DNA: Defects You Can Fix With Vitamins And Minerals

This is some exciting stuff. There is now a company that can do genetic testing and then prepare a custom formulation made to compliment your inate strengths and strengthen your weak areas. If you would like to know more go to the link below. This company is the first and only one to bring supplementation technology into the 21st century. Check it out.

Dr. R. Dorn

doctordorngenewize.com

Good News In Our DNA: Defects You Can Fix With
Vitamins And Minerals



ScienceDaily (Jun. 3, 2008) — As the cost of sequencing a single
human genome drops rapidly, with one company predicting a price
of $100 per person in five years, soon the only reason not to look
at your "personal genome" will be fear of what bad news lies in
your genes.
University of California, Berkeley, scientists, however, have found
a welcome reason to delve into your genetic heritage: to find the
slight genetic flaws that can be fixed with remedies as simple as
vitamin or mineral supplements.
"I'm looking for the good news in the human genome," said Jasper
Rine, UC Berkeley professor of molecular and cell biology.
"Headlines for the last 20 years have really been about the triumph
of biomedical research in finding disease genes, which is
biologically interesting, genetically important and frightening to
people who get this information," Rine said. "I became obsessed
with trying to decide if there is some other class of information that
will make people want to look at their genome sequence."
What Rine and colleagues found and report in the online early
edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences (PNAS) is that there are many genetic differences that
make people's enzymes less efficient than normal, and that simple supplementation with vitamins can often restore
some of these deficient enzymes to full working order.
First author Nicholas Marini, a UC Berkeley research scientist, noted that physicians prescribe vitamins to "cure"
many rare and potentially fatal metabolic defects caused by mutations in critical enzymes. But those affected by these
metabolic diseases are people with two bad copies, or alleles, of an essential enzyme. Many others may be walking
around with only one bad gene, or two copies of slightly defective genes, throwing their enzyme levels off slightly
and causing subtle effects that also could be eliminated with vitamin supplements.
"Our studies have convinced us that there is a lot of variation in the population in these enzymes, and a lot of it affects
function, and a lot of it is responsive to vitamins," Marini said. "I wouldn't be surprised if everybody is going to
require a different optimal dose of vitamins based on their genetic makeup, based upon the kind of variance they are
harboring in vitamin-dependent enzymes."
Though this initial study tested the function of human gene variants by transplanting them into yeast cells, where the
function of the variants can be accurately assessed, Rine and Marini are confident the results will hold up in humans.
Their research, partially supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the U.S.
Army, may enable them to employ U.S. soldiers to test the theory that vitamin supplementation can tune up defective
enzymes.
"Our soldiers, like top athletes, operate under extreme conditions that may well be limited by their physiology," Rine
said. "We're now working with the defense department to identify variants of enzymes that are remediable, and
ultimately hope to identify troops that have these variants and test whether performance can be enhanced by
appropriate supplementation."
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In the PNAS paper, Rine, Marini and their colleagues report on their initial analysis of variants of a human enzyme
called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, or MTHFR. The enzyme, which requires the B vitamin folate to work
properly, plays a key role in synthesizing molecules that go into the nucleotide building blocks of DNA. Some cancer
drugs, such as methotrexate, target MTHFR to shut down DNA synthesis and prevent tumor growth.
Using DNA samples from 564 individuals of many races and ethnicities, colleagues at Applied Biosystems of Foster
City, Calif., sequenced for each person the two alleles that code for the MTHFR enzyme. Consistent with earlier
studies, they found three common variants of the enzyme, but also 11 uncommon variants, each of the latter
accounting for less than one percent of the sample.
They then synthesized the gene for each variant of the enzyme, and Marini, Rine and their UC Berkeley colleagues
inserted these genes into separate yeast cells in order to judge the activity of each variant. Yeast use many of the same
enzymes and cofactor vitamins and minerals as humans and are an excellent model for human metabolism, Rine said.
The researchers found that four different mutations affected the functioning of the human enzyme in yeast. One of
these mutations is well known: Nearly 30 percent of the population has one copy, and nine percent has two copies.
The researchers were able to supplement the diet of the cultured yeast with folate, however, and restore full
functionality to the most common variant, and to all but one of the less common variants.
Since this experiment, the researchers have found 30 other variants of the MTHFR enzyme and tested about 15 of
them, "and more than half interfere with the function of the enzyme, producing a hundred-fold range of enzyme
activity. The majority of these can be either partially or completely restored to normal activity by adding more folate.
And that is a surprise," Rine said.
Most scientists think that harmful mutations are disfavored by evolution, but Rine pointed out that this applies only to
mutations that affect reproductive fitness. Mutations that affect our health in later years are not efficiently removed by
evolution and may remain in our genome forever.
The health effects of tuning up this enzyme in humans are unclear, he said, but folate is already known to protect
against birth defects and seems to protect against heart disease and cancer. At least one defect in the MTHFR enzyme
produces elevated levels in the blood of the metabolite homocysteine, which is linked to an increased risk of heart
disease and stroke, conditions that typically affect people in their post-reproductive years.
"In those people, supplementation of folate in the diet can reduce levels of that metabolite and reduce disease risk,"
Marini said.
Marini and Rine estimate that the average person has five rare mutant enzymes, and perhaps other not-so-rare
variants, that could be improved with vitamin or mineral supplements.
"There are over 600 human enzymes that use vitamins or minerals as cofactors, and this study reports just what we
found by studying one of them," Rine said. "What this means is that, even if the odds of an individual having a defect
in one gene is low, with 600 genes, we are all likely to have some mutations that limit one or more of our enzymes."
The subtle effects of variation in enzyme activity may well account for conflicting results of some clinical trials,
including the confusing data on the effect of vitamin supplements, he noted. In the future, the enzyme profile of
research subjects will have to be taken into account in analyzing the outcome of clinical trials.
If one considers not just vitamin-dependent enzymes but all the 30,000 human proteins in the genome, "every
individual would harbor approximately 250 deleterious substitutions considering only the low-frequency variants.
These numbers suggest that the aggregate incidence of low-frequency variants could have a significant physiological
impact," the researchers wrote in their paper.
All the more reason to poke around in one's genome, Rine said.
"If you don't give people a reason to become interested in their genome and to become comfortable with their personal
genomic information, then the benefits of much of the biomedical research, which is indexed to particular genetic
states, won't be embraced in a time frame that most people can benefit from," Rine said. "So, my motivation is partly
scientific, partly an education project and, in some ways, a partly political project."
Marini and Rine credit Bruce Ames, a UC Berkeley professor emeritus of molecular and cell biology now on the
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research staff at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, with the research that motivated them to look at
enzyme variation. Ames found in the 1970s that many bacteria that could not produce a specific amino acid could do
so if given more vitamin B6, and in recent years he has continued exploring the link between micronutrients and
health.
"Looked at in one way, Bruce found that you can cure a genetic disease in bacteria by treating it with vitamins," Rine
said. Because the human genome contains about 6 billion DNA base pairs, each one subject to mutation, there could
be between 3 and 6 million DNA sequence differences between any two people. Given those numbers, he reasoned
that, as in bacteria, "there should be people who are genetically different in terms of the amount of vitamin needed for
optimal performance of their enzymes."
This touches on what Rine considers one of the key biomedical questions today. "Now that we have the complete
genome sequences of all the common model organisms, including humans, it's obvious that the defining challenge of
biology in the 21st century is not what the genes are, but what the variation in the genes does," he said.
Rine, Marini and their colleagues are continuing to study variation in the human MTHFR gene as well as other folate
utilizing enzymes, particularly with respect to how defects in these enzymes may lead to birth defects. Rine also is
taking advantage of the 1,500 students in his Biology 1A lab course to investigate variants of a second vitamin
B6-dependent enzyme, cystathionine beta-synthase.
He also is investigating how enzyme cofactors like vitamins and minerals fix defective enzymes. He suspects that
supplements work by acting as chaperones to stabilize the proper folding of the enzyme, which is critical to its
catalytic activity. "That is a new principle that may be applicable to drug design," Rine said.
Coauthors with Rine and Marini are UC Berkeley research assistant Jennifer Gin and Janet Ziegle, Kathryn
Hunkapiller Keho, David Ginzinger and Dennis A. Gilbert of Applied Biosystems, which also funded part of the
study. The work was supported by a University of California Discovery Grant, DARPA and the National Institutes
of Health.
Adapted from materials provided by University of California - Berkeley.
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:
APA
MLA
University of California - Berkeley (2008, June 3). Good News In Our DNA: Defects You Can Fix With Vitamins
And Minerals. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 7, 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com
/releases/2008/06/080602214135.htm

For more on the Genewize Supplements go to- http://www.mygenewize.com/?ID=doctordorn

Interesting Thoughts on Weight Loss

Tough Talk about You and Weight Loss

By Dr. Matthew Anderson

I want to have an in-your-face, heart-to-heart, conversation with you. If I can get my point across then you will make some significant progress on your journey to complete weight loss. If I fail at this then you might just stay fat for the rest of your life.

Here are some hard facts about people who are consistently overweight. Are they true about 100% of overweight people? Of course not. Are they true about you? Probably.

If you decide that you are an exception to my rule you will be just like most people who are overweight and have a hard time losing it. They imagine that the rules do not apply to them. So they get to stay fat. You get to decide for yourself. Are you one of us (consistently weight-challenged persons) or not? Take a chance and join in. You only have fat to lose.

Here are some tough facts about many overweight persons.

1. You are overweight because you eat too much -- and you eat too much because you would rather eat than deal with yourself and life.
2. You frequently feel one or more of these feelings: inadequate, incompetent, afraid, overstressed, or angry in relationship to normal life. When you feel these and related uncomfortable emotions, you eat whether you are hungry or not and most of the time that food is comfort (fattening) food.
3. If you attempt to take the weight loss journey alone you will probably fail. Losing weight can be tough and most of us, including you, need lots of support. If you join or create a weight loss support group you will greatly increase your chances of succeeding. Tell your Ego to shut up and get support.
4. If you are chronically at least 20 lbs overweight you are a food addict. If you think of yourself this way you will become far more serious about how and when you lose weight. Admit it and get on with the process of recovery.
5. Successful recovery from addiction of any kind (especially food addiction) requires a relationship with a Divine Source. Develop one immediately. I know I sound like a 12-stepper, but what can I say except that they really got this part right.
6. Always remember that the idea that you can simply “eat less and exercise more” and lose weight is a mantra of diet morons. There are four basic and required ingredients/categories for long term healthy weight loss -- Physical (diet and exercise), Mental, Emotional and Spiritual. And the “eat less and exercise more” mantra lacks the other three.

Enough tough talk. Make the appropriate changes in your weight loss practices and you will be well on your way to success.

[Ed. note: Dr. Matthew Anderson is an author (The Prayer Diet), counselor and national columnist/expert on weight loss, motivation, self-management and relationships. To find tough-minded, outside-the-box guidance for taking charge of your life and/or your weight including Eating to Kill, click here.]

The Healthy Way to Good Health

The Healthy Way to Good Health

To use an oft-repeated cliché, health is wealth, and if we don’t start safeguarding this, there’s no joy in living. To use another, prevention is better than cure, and these natural health improvement tips work wonders in not only keeping illness at bay, but also in keeping you young and fit.

1. A little exercise holds a lot of benefits: Work out, take a walk, go for a jog in the park, take up a game – exercise in any form provides you with good health the natural way. An hour a day is enough to get you in shape and keep sickness away. Even small things count – take the stairs instead of the elevator and walk a few blocks instead of driving to get there. Relaxation techniques like yoga and Tai Chi also help when you’re trying to lose weight and improve your body’s natural processes.

2. Eating right is the key: You are what you eat; your body is a mirror that reflects all that you take in, both good and bad. So do yourself a favor and include more vegetables and fruits in your diet; cut back on the fats and carbohydrates. Find more energy to sustain you through the day with energy-rich foods like nuts, yoghurt, eggs (the white only if you’re prone to high cholesterol levels), beans and lentils and seeds. If you have a sweet tooth or crave junk food, you don’t have to deny yourself. Satisfy cravings with self-control – eat two bites of a piece of chocolate cake instead of the whole slice or half a slice of pizza instead of three. Do not stuff yourself during any meal; instead, increase the number of meals per day and reduce the quantity you take in during each. Limit your caffeine intake, switch to green tea instead; the latter is rich in anti-oxidants that delay aging and prevent cancer.

3. Fill up with fluids: Our body is 80 percent water, so it’s only natural that you drink as much as you can. Water hydrates your skin and leaves it soft and supple. It also flushes out toxins from your body and cleanses your system.

4. Avoid direct and harsh sunlight: While mild sunshine is good for your Vitamin K levels, too much of it tends to give you sunburns and strokes. Exposure to harmful UV rays in the sunlight causes premature aging of the skin and suppresses your immune system leading to skin cancer and melanoma.

5. Maintain your BMI: Your Body Mass Indicator (BMI) is a good reflector of how trim and fit your body is. The ideal BMI, which is the ratio of your weight (in pounds) to the square of your height (in inches), is 25; a BMI under 18.5 indicates malnutrition while one above 30 labels you obese. So if you’re short, you have a lot of work to do to shed those excess pounds of flesh.

6. Harness the power of positive thinking: The stress and tension of day-to-day life cause more damage than you may realize. Ulcers, migraines, nervous breakdowns and insomnia are just a few of the illnesses associated with someone who’s stressed all the time. It’s not easy to take things easy, but if you work at it, the benefits are worth it. Practice relaxation techniques like yoga and Tai Chi, think positive thoughts and rein in your temper.

7. Massage your body and your mind: A body massage or a hot bath at the end of a long day works wonders in relaxing you. At the same time, treat yourself to a mind massage – give yourself an ego boost from time to time by reassuring yourself that you are good at what you do.

8. Say no to drugs and tobacco: Smoking kills in more ways than one and drugs are a definite way to disaster. Alcohol, while in moderation is not very harmful, tends to become an addiction if you do not hold on to your self-control.

9. Stay pollution free: Easier said than done with most cities and towns being inundated with cars and vehicles polluting the atmosphere. But make it a point to get some fresh air everyday – beat the heat and the crowds by waking up at the crack of dawn and taking a walk in the park. Steer clear of restaurants or public areas that allow smoking.

10. Fasting is good once in a while: Every once a month or so, your body needs time to heal itself from all the abuses you put it through. Undergo a detoxification routine – stay home, eat only fresh fruits and vegetables, drink lots of fluids, sleep, meditate and avoid work for a couple of days. Your whole system is rejuvenated.

11. Medicines don’t always help: Stop popping that pill for every common ailment that afflicts you. A simple headache can be cured by a walk in the fresh air or a cup of hot coffee; a cold is reduced with warm fluids and plenty of rest.

A little common sense mixed with a little effort is all it takes to stay healthy and happy.

By-line:

This article is contributed by Sarah Scrafford, who regularly writes on the topic of Care Plans. She invites your questions and writing job opportunities at her personal email address: sarah.scrafford25@gmail.com.

Malic Acid and Magnesium in Fibro

Malic Acid and Fibromyalgia by Source: Nutritional News ImmuneSupport.com 12-01-1995 Fibromyalgia Syndrome (fibromyalgia) is a condition which affects principally middle-aged women, characterized by a syndrome of generalized musculoskeletal pain, aches, stiffness, and tenderness at specific anatomical sites. This condition is considered primarily when there are no obvious causes. Since it was first described, fibromyalgia has become recognized as a fairly common rheumatic complaint with a clinical prevalence of 6 to 20%. Additionally, fibromyalgia has been associated with irritable bowel syndrome, tension headache, mitral valve prolapse, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Numerous treatment modalities have been attempted to treat patients with fibromyalgia, but unfortunately the results have been poor, due to a lack of understanding of the condition’s etiology. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that fibromyalgia is the result of local hypoxia to the muscles. For instance, patients with fibromyalgia have low muscle-tissue oxygen pressure in affected muscles, and to a lesser degree the same is true of other tissues. Muscle biopsies from affected areas showed muscle tissue glycolysis is inhibited, reducing ATP synthesis. This stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis, which results in muscle tissue breakdown and mitochondrial damage. Additionally, low levels of the high-energy phosphates ATP, ADP, and phosphocreatine were found. It is hypothesized that in hypoxic muscle tissue, glycolysis is inhibited, reducing ATP synthesis. This muscle tissue breakdown, which has been observed in muscle biopsies taken from fibromyalgia patients, is hypothesized to result in the muscle pain characteristic of fibromyalgia. Malic acid is both derived from food sources and synthesized in the body through the citric acid cycle. Its importance to the production of energy in the body during both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is well established. Under aerobic conditions, the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate provides reducing equivalents to the mitochondria through the malateaspartate redox shuttle. During anaerobic conditions, where a buildup of excess of reducing equivalents inhibits glycolysis, malic acid’s simultaneous reduction to succinate and oxidation to oxaloacetate is capable of removing the accumulating reducing equivalents. This allows malic acid to reverse hypoxia’s inhibition of glycolysis and energy production, possibly improving energy production in fibromyalgia, and reversing the negative effect of the relative hypoxia that has been found in these patients. Because of its obvious relationship to energy depletion during exercise, malic acid may be of benefit to healthy individuals interested in maximizing their energy production, as well as those with Fibromyalgia, or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. As a result of the compelling evidence that malic acid plays a central role in energy production, especially during hypoxic conditions, malic acid supplements have been examined for their effects on fibromyalgia. Subjective improvement in pain was observed within 48 hours of supplementation with 1200-2400 mg. of malic acid, and this improvement was lost following the discontinuation of malic acid for 48 hours. While these studies also used magnesium supplements, due to the fact that magnesium is often low in fibromyalgia patients, the rapid improvement following malic acid, as well as the rapid deterioration after discontinuation, suggests that malic acid is the most important component. This interesting theory of localized hypoxia in fibromyalgia, and the ability of malic acid to overcome the block in energy production that this causes, should provide hope for those afflicted with fibromyalgia. The potential for malic acid supplements however, reaches much farther than fibromyalgia. Additionally, many hypoxia-related conditions such as respiratory and circulatory insufficiency, are associated with deficient energy production. Therefore, malic acid supplements may be of benefit in these conditions. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome has also been found to be associated with fibromyalgia, and malic acid supplementation may be of use in improving energy production in this condition as well. Lastly, malic acid may be of use as a general supplement, ensuring an optimal level of malic acid within the cells, and thus, maintaining an optimal level of energy production. Reprinted with permission from Nutritional News, December 1995. By: http://www.ImmuneSupport.com

Key vitamin deficiency linked to tripled risk of dementia: study

Lack of folate, also called vitamin B-9, may triple the risk of developing dementia in old age, according to a study published Tuesday.

Researchers in South Korea measured naturally occurring folate levels in 518 elderly persons, none of whom showed any signs of dementia, and then tracked their development over 2.4 years.

At the end of the period, 45 of the patients had developed dementia, including 34 diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, said the study, published by the British Medical Association's Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry.

When the researchers, led by Jin-Sang Yoon of Chonnam National University in Kwangju, South Korea, remeasured folate levels, they uncovered a strong link with the dementia.

Even after other factors were taken into account -- including age, disability, alcohol consumption, weight change -- "the onset of dementia was significantly associated with an exaggerated decline in folate," the researchers concluded.

Folate and folic acid, another form of the compound, are essential for the creation of new cells in the body.

The compound occurs naturally in leafy vegetables such as spinach, turnip greens, lettuces, dried beans and peas and in certain fruits.

An study published last year in The Lancet showed an improvement in short-term memory, mental agility and verbal fluency among persons over 50 who took a daily dose of 800 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid. The US recommended daily dose is 400 mcg.

Taking folic acid before conception and throughout the first trimester helps a mother ensure that her child will not develop certain brain and spinal cord defects, including spina bifida, according to previous research.